Page 1 of 16
Last updated January 2013
Referencing Guide to Chicago Author-Date 16 th Edition
This brief guide is primarily for students writing assignments at Curtin University, not for those publishing
using the Chicago Author-Date 16 th ed. style.
If you are publishing using the Chicago Author-Date 16 th ed. style, please consult the Chicago Manual of Style:
The Chicago Manual of Style. 2010. 16th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
The Chicago Manual of Style Online (16 th ed.) is also available via the Library catalogue.
Guide contents
Overview:
What is Referencing?
Why Reference?
Steps Involved in Referencing
Elements of a Reference
Sample Reference List
Reference Types for EndNote X6
Reference Examples:
Books (Print & Online)
Journals (Print & Online)
World Wide Web
Government Publications
Other Sources
Authors Citing Other Authors
It is very important that you check your Department or School's assignment guide as some details, such as
punctuation, may vary from the guidelines provided in this guide. You may be penalised for not conforming to
your School's requirements.
All referencing queries should be addressed to the appropriate lecturer or supervisor.
Academic integrity and plagiarism
Plagiarism breaches academic integrity and is a serious accusation in academia. Make sure you avoid plagiarism
by referencing your sources.
Refer to the Curtin University student booklet Academic Integrity: Student Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism for
definitions and University policies relating to academic integrity and plagiarism.
CHICAGO AUTHOR-DATE
(16th edition) REFERENCING
Referencing
Page 2 of 16
What is Referencing?
Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have used in
your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as
ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works must be referenced.
Why Reference?
Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and read
more fully the cited author’s arguments.
Steps Involved in Referencing
1. Collecting Bibliographic Details
Note down the full bibliographic details of the source from which the information is taken, including the page
number(s). This information is the basis of a citation or reference.
In the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refer to: author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, volume
number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title page. (Not all of these
details will necessarily be applicable).
In the case of a journal article, the details required include: author of the article, year of publication, title of the
article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.
For all electronic information, in addition to the above details you should also include a DOI (Digital Object
Identifier) if one exists. If a DOI does not exist, then include the web address (URL) of the database you found the
article in. For more details see the DOI Information Sheet.
2. In-Text Citations
A citation inserted at the appropriate place within the text of the document is called an in-text citation. This
usually takes the form of the family name of the author, followed by the year of publication, e.g. (Jones 2010).
Where authors of different references have the same family name, include the author’s personal name or initials
in the in-text citation i.e. (Anderson, John 2008) or John Anderson (2008). If two or more authors are cited at
the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon, e.g.
(Brown 1991; Smith 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author.
When directly quoting from another source, quotation marks must be placed around the quote and the relevant
page number must be given, e.g. (Sharpe 2005, 27). It is not necessary to include the page number when
paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text.
3. What is a Reference List?
A reference list includes books, journal articles etc. that you have cited in the text of your assignment. A
bibliography, in addition to listing cited sources, also includes sources that you have consulted during your
research. See a sample reference list.
The reference list must appear at the end of your work on a separate page
The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author
Where an item has no author it is cited and listed by its title
The second and subsequent lines of the reference must be indented.
Page 3 of 16
Elements of a Reference/Citation
A reference or citation consists of elements that allow the reader to trace the original book, article or website
you have consulted and cited.
Book:
Journal article from a database:
Web page:
For reference types to be used in EndNote with the Chicago 16 th ed. Curtin X6 style refer to the
Reference Types for EndNote X6 guide.
For more information on EndNote visit the EndNote X6 LibGuide.
Mack, Charles R. 2005. Looking at the Renaissance: Essays Toward a Conceptual
Appreciation. London: Taylor & Francis.
Author Year
Place of publication Publisher
Book title
Marshall, Kevin, and John Anderson. 2008. “The Emperor's New Clothes A Meta-study of
Education Technology Policies in Ireland, North and South (1996-2006).” Computers
& Education 50(2): 463-474. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2007.09.010.
Author Year Title of the journal article
Journal title
Volume number
(Issue number)
Article pages
numbers
DOI of article - if DOI not
provided, use URL
Dawson, Jeanne, Lesley Smith, Kathy Deubert, and Sue Grey-Smith. 2002. Study Trekk 6:
Referencing, not plagiarism. http://library.curtin.edu.au/research_and_information_
skills/online_tutorials/studytrekk/trek6.html.
Author
Year Title
URL of the web page
Page 4 of 16
Examples of Referencing:
Books (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Single author
The method was first suggested in
2009 (Zeegan 2009, 65)
OR
Zeegan (2009, 65) claimed that…
Zeegen, Lawrence. 2009. What Is Illustration? Mies, Switzerland: RotoVision.
2 authors (Benson and Brack 2010, 22)
OR
Benson and Brack (2010, 22) discuss
this idea…
Benson, Robyn, and Charlotte Brack. 2010. Online Learning and Assessment in Higher
Education: A Planning Guide. Oxford: Chandos Publishing.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
3 authors (Lewis, Jurmain, and Kilgore 2007, 34)
OR
Lewis, Jurmain, and Kilgore (2007, 34)
state that….
Lewis, Barry, Robert Jurmain, and Lynn Kilgore. 2007. Understanding Physical Anthropology
and Archaeology. 9th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
4 or more authors Cicmil et al. (2009, 24) suggest….
OR
(Cicmil et al. 2009, 24)
List only the first author’s family
name, followed by ‘et al.’
Cicmil, Svetlana, Terry Cooke-Davis, Lynn Crawford, Kurt A. Richardson, and Project
Management Institute. 2009. Exploring the Complexity of Projects: Implications of
Complexity Theory for Project Management Practice. Newtown Square, PA: Project
Management Institute.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
List the names of all authors in the reference list.
No author
(Valuing Integrity 2010, 24).
Valuing Integrity: Guide for the Workplace. 2010. Bentley, W.A.: Curtin University.
Where there is no author and the title is long, shorten the title, but ensure that the item
can be identified with its corresponding entry in the reference list.
Multiple works by same
author
Research (Hubbard 2008, 2010) into
the theory has indicated that…
Hubbard, Christopher. 2008. An Australian Introduction to International Relations. Frenchs
Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia.
———. 2010. Power Plays: Enriched Uranium and Homeland Security. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Order chronologically in the reference list. For successive entries by the same author the
dash replaces the name.
Page 5 of 16
Books (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Multiple works published
in the same year by the
same author
The American rail system (Watson
2009a, 42)…
Use a/b etc. to differentiate between
works in same year.
Watson, Don. 2009a. American Journeys. North Sydney, N.S.W.: Vintage Books.
———. 2009b. Bendable Learnings: The Wisdom of Modern Management. North Sydney,
N.S.W.: Random House Australia.
Order alphabetically by title in the reference list. For successive entries by the same
author the dash replaces the name.
Edited book (Goggin and Hjorth 2009, 91-2) Goggin, Gerard, and Larissa Hjorth, eds. 2009. Mobile Technologies: From Telecommunications
to Media. New York: Routledge.
Add ‘ed.’ or ‘edited by’ before or after the editor’s name, depending on how it appears on
the title page of the work.
Different editions McNair (2011, 17) suggests that… McNair, Brian. 2011. An Introduction to Political Communication. 5th ed. London: Routledge.
An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not necessary for a first
edition.
No date (Olsen [1950?])
OR
(Olsen n.d.)
Olsen, Donald J. [1950?]. The Growth of Victorian London. London: Batsford.
OR
Olsen, Donald J. n.d. The Growth of Victorian London. London: Batsford.
Article or chapter in a book (Halsall 2006, 280)
Halsall, Guy. 2006. “Movers and Shakers: the Barbarians and the Fall of Rome.” In From Roman
Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms, edited by Thomas F.X. Noble, 277-291. London:
Routledge.
Add ‘ed.’ or ‘edited by’ before or after the editor’s name, depending on how it appears on
the title page of the work.
Image in a book The photograph “Regatta. Pearling
Luggers c. 1898” (Stephen 2005, 84,
illustration 17)
Stephen, Matthew. 2010. Contact Zones: Sport and Race in the Northern Territory 1869-1953.
Darwin, N.T.: Charles Darwin University.
Book review (Roeder 2012, 447) Roeder, John L. 2012. Review of An Inquiry into Science Education, Where the Rubber Meets
the Road, by Richard N. Steinberg. The Physics Teacher 50 (October 2012): 447. doi:
10.1119/1.4752066.
Cite by author of the review and include book title and author(s) or editor(s).
Page 6 of 16
Books (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
E-book (books consulted
online)
(Aaker and Smith 2010) Aaker, Jennifer, and Andy Smith. 2010. The Dragonfly Effect: Quick, Effective, and Powerful
Ways to Use Social Media to Drive Social Change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
http://lib.myilibrary.com.dbgw.lis,curtin.edu.au/Open.aspx?id=277342&loc=&srch=undefine
d&src=0.
E-book (downloaded from
a library or bookseller)
According to Reagan (2010, chap. 3)
Reagan, Timothy G. 2010. Non-Western Educational Traditions: Indigenous Approaches to
Educational Thought and Practice. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge. Kindle edition.
Use chapter or section numbers if there is no stable page number.
Encyclopedia/Dictionary
(print)
In the section on Homeopathic
Medicine in the Gale Encyclopedia of
Medicine (Longe 2006, 3rd ed., 1830)...
Entries in an encyclopedia or dictionary are not listed in the reference list.
Encyclopedia/Dictionary
(online)
The article on Evidence Interpretation
in the Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic
Science (Champod and Evett 2009,
accessed December 20,
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.dbgw.lis.c
urtin.edu.au/doi/10.1002/97804700615
89.fsa122/full)
In the absence of a posted
publication date, use the year
accessed, and add actual month and
date accessed before the URL.
Entries in an encyclopedia or dictionary are not listed in the reference list.
Encyclopedia/Dictionary
(authored article)
“Music, rhythm, and imagination
intermingle” (Eliassen 2009, 635)
Eliassen, Meredith. 2009. “Singing Games.” In Encyclopedia of Play in Today’s Society, Rodney
P. Carlisle, ed., 635-636. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Add ‘ed.’ or ‘edited by’ before or after the editor’s name, depending on how it appears on
the title page of the work.
Thesis (Doctorate) (Sharp 2010, 234) Sharp, Jennifer A. 2010. “Limiting Loss: A Grounded Theory of Mothers Who Use Illicit Drugs.”
PhD diss., Curtin University of Technology.
http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au/R/?func=search-advanced-go&request1=144026.
Page 7 of 16
Books (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Thesis (Master’s) Lee (2008, 27) makes the point that... Lee, Shereen. 2008. “A New Taste of Tradition: Chinese Snacks and Hawker-Entrepreneurs in
Singapore.” Master’s thesis, Curtin University of Technology.
Include URL if electronic version is available.
Conference proceeding
(Brebbia 2009, 12) Brebbia, C. A., ed. 2009. Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture
XI:11th International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of
Heritage Architecture, Tallinn, Estonia, 2009. Southampton, U.K.: WIT Press.
Paper in a conference
(print)
(Prayag and Ramjee 2009)
OR
As discussed by Prayag and Ramjee
(2009)
Prayag, I. L., and R. Ramjee. 2009. “The Impact of Newcastle Disease Control on Smallholder
Poultry Production in Mauritius.” In Village Chickens, Poverty Alleviation and the
Sustainable Control of Newcastle Disease: Proceedings of an International Conference
Held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 5-7 October 2005, edited by Robyn G. Alders, Peter
Spradbrow and M. P. Young, 132-134. Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research.
Use initials for names if only initials are provided in the publication.
Paper in a conference
(online)
(Smierzchalski 2008, sec. 4: Structure
of the Simulator)
Use section or paragraph numbers
where no page number is available.
Smierzchalski, R. 2008. “Simulation System for Marine Engine Control Room.” Paper presented
at International Biennial Baltic Electronic Conference, Tallinn, Estonia, October 6-8.
doi:10.1109/BEC.2008.4657535.
Annual report of an
organisation
(print or electronic)
(Director of National Parks 2010)
OR
(Black Range Minerals Ltd 2010)
Director of National Parks. 2010. Annual Report 2009-2010. Canberra, A.C.T.: Department of
Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities.
OR
Black Range Minerals Ltd. 2010. Annual Report 20 June 2010.
http://www.aspecthuntley.com.au.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docserver/01001315.pdf?fileid=010
01315&datedir=20091022&edt=MjAxMC0xMS0yMisxOTowNjoyNCsxMjArNTA3ODQxK0N
1cnRpblVuaXZlcnNpdHlBUk8rcmVkaXJlY3QrL2ltYWdlc2lnbmFsL2Vycm9ycGFnZXMvUER
GVGltZW91dC5odG1sKy9pbWFnZXNpZ25hbC9lcnJvcnBhZ2VzL3BkZmRlbGF5ZWQuanN
w.
Do not include issuing organisation if report is electronic.
Brochure
(Curtin University 2010) Curtin University. 2010. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Social Media
Guidelines. Bentley, W.A.: Curtin University.
Page 8 of 16
Journals (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Article -
single author
As mentioned by Shaner (2010, 1988)
For multiple authors also see the in-
text examples used for books and
electronic journals.
Shaner, Malcolm. 2010. “Up in the Air - Suspending Ethical Medical Practice.” New England
Journal of Medicine 363 (21): 1988-1989.
Article –
no author
“Some 68 days later, all 33 miners were
rescued” (“Australians Play Part” 2010,
15)
Use the title of the journal article.
Shorten title, ensuring the first word
remains the same.
“Australians Play Part in Mine Rescue.” 2010. Engineers Australia 82 (11): 14-15.
Newspaper, feature or
magazine article
(Narushima 2010) Narushima, Yuko. 2010. “Indigenous Artists Want to Take on Management.” Sydney Morning
Herald, November 23.
Newspaper, feature or
magazine article – no
author
The Australian (December 20, 2010)
reported….
OR
“...the polls exposed a failure… to
mount a credible challenge” (The
Australian, December 20, 2010)
Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no need for an entry in the reference list.
Press release On 18 December 2010, the statement
BHP Billiton Submits Environmental
Impact Statement for Jansen Project,
announces that “Jansen is a world
class ore body.” (Graham Kerr, press
release)
Treated like an unpublished document. No need for an entry in the reference list.
Provide description of document – in this case, ‘press release’ – after the author of the
press release.
Page 9 of 16
Journals (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Full text from an
electronic database
single author
(Bosma 2009, 320) Bosma, Ulbe. 2009. “European Colonial Soldiers in the Nineteenth Century: Their Role in White
Global Migration and Patterns of Colonial Settlement.” Journal of Global History 4 (2): 317-
336. doi:10.1017/S1740022809003179.
Full text article from an
electronic database
2 authors
Cross and Smits (2005, 873) state …
OR
(Cross and Smits 2005, 873)
Cross, Gary and Gregory Smits. 2005. “Japan, the U.S. and the Globalization of Children’s
Consumer Culture.” Journal of Social History 38 (4): 873-890.
http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=859478591&sid=1&Fmt=3&clie
ntId=22212&RQT=309&Vname=PQD.
Use stable/durable URL where provided.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
Full text article from an
electronic database
3 authors
(Pambudi, McCaughey and Smyth
2009, 236)
OR
Pambudi, McCaughey and Smyth
(2009, 26) state…..
Pambudi, Djauhuri, Nathalie McCaughey, and Russell Smyth. 2009. “Computable General
Equilibrium Estimates of the Impact of the Bali Bombing on the Indonesian Economy.”
Tourism Management 30 (2): 232-239. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.007.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
Full text article from an
electronic database
4 to 10 authors
Tao et al. (2009, 43) have found….
OR
(Tao et al. 2009, 43)
Tao, Donghua, Patrick G. McCarthy, Mary M. Krieger, and Annie B. Webb. 2009. “The Mobile
Reference Service: A Case Study of an Onsite Reference Service Program at the School of
Public Health.” Journal of the Medical Library Association 97 (1): 34-40. doi:10.3163/1536-
5050.97.1.006.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
Full text article from an
electronic database
More than 10 authors
(Johnson et al. 2010, 1642)
OR
Johnson et al. 2010, 1642 point out
that...
Johnson, Warren E., David P. Onorato, Melody E. Roelke, E. Darrell Land, Mark Cunningham,
Robert C. Belden, Roy McBride et al. 2010. “Genetic Restoration of the Florida Panther.”
Science 329 (5999): 1641-1645. doi: 10.1126/science.1192891.
List the family name first for the first author ONLY.
For more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors, then add ‘et al.’.
Page 10 of 16
Journals (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Full text article from an
electronic database
no author
“...the aging bad boy is still dishing dirt
about the industry” (“Medium Raw”
2010, 12).
Shorten long titles for in-text
citations. Short titles must include
the first word of the long title.
“Medium Raw: A Bloody Valentine to the World of Food and the People Who Can Cook.” 2010.
Food Management 45 (9): 12.
http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=2137096321&sid=12&Fmt=3&c
lientId=22212&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Abstract As described by Burgess et al. (2011,
289)…
OR
(Burgess et al. 2011, 289)
Burgess, Melinda C. R., Karen E. Dill, S. Paul Stermer, Stephen R. Burgess, and Brian P.
Brown. 2011. "Playing with Prejudice: The Prevalence and Consequences of Racial
Stereotypes in Video Games." Abstract. Media Psychology 14 (3): 289-311. doi:
10.1080/15213269.2011.596467.
Abstracts are treated like journal articles, but the word ‘Abstract’ must be added after the
article title.
Image in a journal article Several mummies have been identified
as related (Hawass et al. 2010, 640
table 1).
Hawass, Zahi, Yehia Z. Gad, Somaia Ismail, Rabab Khairat, Dina Fathalla, Amal Ahmed,
Hisham Elleithy et al. 2010. “Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family.”
JAMA 303 (7): 638-647. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121.
For more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors, then use ‘et al.’.
Full text newspaper,
newswire or magazine
from an electronic
database
no author
(“Runners Leading by Example” 2010)
Use the title of the article.
You can shorten the title of the
article if it is longer than 4 words.
“Runners Leading by Example: Marathon Effort by Indigenous Athletes”. 2010. The
Mercury, November 12.
http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=2186214831&sid=2&Fmt=3
&clientId=22212&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text from the
Internet
It was proposed by Keogh et al. (2009,
256) that…
Keogh, Louise A., Christine M. van Vliet, David M. Studdert, Judith A. Maskiell, Findlay A.
Macrae, D. James St John, Clara F. Gaff et al. 2009. “Is the Uptake of Genetic Testing
for Colorectal Cancer Influenced by Knowledge of Insurance Implications?” Medical
Journal of Australia 191 (5): 255-258.
http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/191_05_070909/keo11470_fm.html.
For more than 10 authors, list the first 7 authors then add ‘et al.’.
Page 11 of 16
Journals (Print & Online) In-Text Example Reference List Example
Article from Curtin E-
Reserve
(Newman 2006, 277) Newman, Peter. 2006. "The Environmental Impact of Cities." Environment and Urbanization 18
(2): 275-295.http://edocs.library.curtin.edu.au/eres_display.cgi?url=DC60266188.pdf
©right=1.
Systematic Review (Singh, Kour and Jayaram 2012, 112) Singh, Jasvinder, Kamalpreet Kour, and Mahesh B. Jayaram. 2012. "Acetylcholinesterase
Inhibitors for Schizophrenia." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): 1-108. doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD007967.pub2.
World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Example
Document on WWW
(Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention 2010)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010.
“Traveling With Children: Resources.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Accessed November 25, http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/child-travel.htm.
Titled sections or pages within a website should be placed in quote marks.
In the absence of a date on the website, add the year the page is accessed after the
author’s name and also include the month and date the page is accessed after the name
of the owner or sponsor of the website.
If a date is provided for the website, add the year after the author but do not add an
access date.
Include the owner or sponsor of the site after the name of the site.
Document on WWW – No
author
(One Life 2008)
Shorten long titles for in-text
citations. Short titles must include
the first word of the long title.
One Life: The Mask of Lincoln. 2008. National Portrait Gallery.
http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/lincoln/index.html.
Titles for websites are set in Roman, with no quote marks.
Do not provide an access date when a date is provided for the website.
Document on WWW – No
date
“Our art has got to be protected
because it belongs to individual people
and their families.” (Martin 2010)
Martin, Valerie Napaljari. 2010. “DesArt: Aboriginal Art in Central Australia.” Association of
Central Aboriginal Art and Craft Centres. Accessed December 16,
http://www.desart.com.au/AboriginalArtinCentralAustralia/tabid/56/Default.aspx.
Titled sections or pages within a website should be placed in quote marks.
Use access year rather than n.d. when a website has no date listed.
Use actual date of access after the sponsor of the site, but before the URL.
Page 12 of 16
World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Example
Entire website (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration 2012)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2012. NOAA’s National Weather Service.
U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed November 4, http://www.weather.gov/.
Titles for websites are set in Roman, with no quote marks.
In the absence of a date on the website, add the year the page is accessed after the
author’s name and also include the month and date the page is accessed after the name
of the owner or sponsor of the website.
Image on the web The image of the MV Derbyshire
(Merseyside Maritime Museum 2010)
Merseyside Maritime Museum. 2010. The Sinking of MV Derbyshire. National Museums
Liverpool. http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/derbyshire/.
Access date not necessary since a date is given for the website.
Fact sheet
(Department of Fisheries 2011)
Use initials if the organisation is
better known by its initials - see
alternative example below.
Department of Fisheries. 2011. Sharks. Perth, W.A.: Department of
Fisheries. http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/docs/pub/FactSheets/Fisheries%20Fact%20Sheet%20
-%20Sharks.pdf.
Facebook content As was stated on his Facebook page,
Obama (2011) was...
Barack Obama’s Facebook page, accessed November 11, 2011,
http://www.facebook.com/barackobama.
Blog post and reply McDonald (2009) suggests that...
(the smart one 2010)
McDonald, Stuart. 2010, September 27. “Noise in the Library.” Library Blog.
http://blogs.curtin.edu.au/library/2010/09.
the smart one. 2010, October 3. “Comment on Noise in the Library.” Library Blog.
http://blogs.curtin.edu.au/library/2010/09.
Include full URL.
Use (blog) if the title of the blog does not contain the word ‘Blog’.
E-mail discussion list –
web archive
According to Jim Petts’ post on the
BRITARCH discussion list on August
25, 2011
(https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-
bin/webadmin?A2=BRITARCH;5eebbd
19.1108), climate change…
Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no need for an entry in the reference list.
Page 13 of 16
World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Example
Lecture notes (Brieger 2005) Brieger, William. 2005. “Lecture 3: Recruitment and Involvement of Trainees.” PowerPoint
lecture notes. http://ocw.jhsph.edu course.TrainingMethods.
ContinuingEducation/lectureNotes.cfm
Podcasts (interviews)
(Parmenter and Shepherdson 2009) Parmenter, Ian, and Anne Shepherdson, interviewed by Geraldine Mellet. 2009. “Painted Cows,”
720 ABC Local Radio, podcast audio, June 15, http://www.abc.net.au/local
audio/2009/06/15/2598730.htm.
Podcasts (single
programmes)
(“The Private Life” 2010)
Shorten long titles for in-text
citations. Short titles must include
the first word of the long title.
“The Private Life of a Brain Surgeon.” 2010. ABC Radio National, podcast audio, July 10,
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/allinthemind/stories/2010/2921360.htm.
Video file
(e.g. YouTube video)
(Krempl 2008) Krempl, Sandra A. 2008. The Beauty of Story. YouTube video, 10:01.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zSb-m25SJ4.
Include full URL.
Include indication length (by time).
Web streaming video (Bernstein 2006) Bernstein, Anya. 2006. In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman. Streaming video, 74:28,
Ethnographic Video Online, http://anth.alexanderstreet.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/
View/764794.
Government
Publications
In-Text Example Reference List Example
Act of Parliament The Commonwealth’s Copyright Act
1968…
[future references do not include date]
Legislation is included in a list of references only if it is important to an understanding of
the work. Set the list apart from the main body of the reference under the subheading
'Legislation'.
Essential elements: Short title and Date (Jurisdiction) e.g. Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) or Fair
Trading Act 2010 (WA).
If legislation is obtained from an electronic database, add a URL as for electronic journal
articles.Australia：代写
Page 14 of 16
Government
Publications
In-Text Example Reference List Example
Cases British American Tobacco Australia Ltd
v Secretary, Department of Health and
Ageing (2011) 281 ALR 75
Legal authorities are included in a list of references only if they are important to an
understanding of the work. Set the list apart from the main body of the reference under
the subheading ‘Legal Authorities’.
Australian Bureau of
Statistics from ABS
website
(ABS 2010)
Use initials if the organisation is
better known by its initials. List
name in initials in reference list, but
put full name in brackets.
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2010. Australian Demographic Statistics. Cat. No. 3101.0.
Canberra, A.C.T.: ABS.
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3101.0Jun%202010?OpenDocu
ment.
Census information
(ABS 2006)
Use initials if the organisation is
better known by its initials.
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2006. Census of
Population and Housing: B01 Selected
Characteristics (First Release Processing) Postal Area 6050. Canberra, A.C.T.: ABS.
http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?&action=404&docume
ntproductno=POA6050&documenttype=Details&tabname=Details&areacode=POA6050&is
sue=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&&producttype=Community%20Profiles&ja
vascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=LPD&&collection=C
ensus&period=2006&producttype=Community%20Profiles&#Basic%20Community%20Prof
ile.
Government report
(Australian Greenhouse Office 2005) Australian Greenhouse Office. 2005. Australia’s Fourth National Communication on Climate
Change: A Report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian Greenhouse Office.
Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example
Patent
(Cook and Donaldson 2010) Cook, Fred C. and William H. Donaldson. 2010. Mega yacht mast tracking system with
articulating sail feeder. US Patent US20100282152A1, filed May 7, 2009, and issued
November 11, 2010.
Do not put title in quote marks or italics.
Do not use capital letters for the beginning of each significant word in the title.
Do not include URL for documents found online.
Page 15 of 16
Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example
Standard (online) (Standards Australia 2009) Standards Australia. 2009. Wire-rope Slings: Product Specification. SAIGlobal (AS 1666.1-
2009).
If the standard is in book form, reference it as you would reference a book.
Dataset …as the results revealed in the study
(Irino and Tada 2009).
Irino, T., and R. Tada. 2009. Chemical and Mineral Compositions of Sediments from Odp Site
127-797. Dataset. Geological Institute, University of Tokyo.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.726855
Include a permanent URL and add the word ‘Dataset’ after the title.
Personal communication,
e-mail and discussion lists
with no web archive
“It was confirmed that an outbreak
occurred in London in 1999” (S. Savieri,
personal communication May 21,
2007).
Use exact date if known.
Use initials instead of full first name.
Do not use ‘et al.’ for multiple
authors.
Not included in the reference list as they cannot be traced by the reader.
Unpublished
interviews
(Cowdell 2006) Cowdell, John Alexander. 2006. Interview of John Alexander Cowdell, interview by John Ferrell,
February 21, transcript, Curtin University, Bentley, W.A.
DVDs and videos
(Cameron and Landau 2010) Cameron, James (producer/director), and Jon Landau (producer). 2010. Avatar. DVD. Moore
Park, N.S.W.: Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment South Pacific.
Television and radio
programmes (single
episode in a series)
(Thomason, Rudd, and Fimeri 2007) Thomason, Matthew, Paul Rudd, and Wain Fimeri 2007. “Episode 4: North West Passage,”
Captain Cook: Obsession and Discovery. Television program. Melbourne: Film Australia.
Television and radio
programmes (series or
single programme)
...the travels of medieval Venetian
traders down the Aegean coast (da
Mosto 2008).
da Mosto, Francesco. 2008. Francesco’s Mediterranean Voyage. Television series. Directed by
Andrea Carnevali and Nicola Searle. London: BBC.
CD-ROMS
(Jiang 2009)
Jiang, Jack J. 2009. Vocal Fold Dynamics: Phonation Mechanism, Aerodynamics, Impact Stress,
and Mucosal Wave. San Diego, CA.: Plural Pub Inc. CD-ROM.
Page 16 of 16
Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Example
ERIC document
(microfiche)
Davis and Lombardi (1996)
put forward the proposal that….
Davis, Robin K., and Thomas P. Lombardi. 1996. “The Quality of Life of Rural High School
Special Education Graduates: A Follow Up Study.” In Rural Goals 2000: Building
Programs that Work, edited by Diane Montgomery, ERIC microfiche (ED394746).
Authors Citing Other
Authors
In-Text Example Reference List Example
BookAustralia：代写
Citation by an author
used in the text of
another book or article.
(Jenkins 2004, quoted in Jones Finer
2006, 27)
Use the original author’s name and
date first, add ‘quoted in’ to indicate
the secondary source. Page
numbers are included in the in-text
citation but not the reference list.
Jones Finer, Catherine, ed. 2006. Migration, Immigration and Social Policy. Malden, MA:
Blackwell.
Show secondary author only in the reference list.
Journal article (Ebell 2006, quoted in Patton 2007,
598)
Use the original author’s name and
date first, add ‘quoted in’ to indicate
the secondary source. Page
numbers are included in the in-text
citation and the reference list.
Patton, Kevin T. 2007. “Neuralgia and Headaches.” Science 316 (5824): 597-600.
Show secondary author only in the reference list.
