Introduction

Geopolitics is a connotation coming from a combination of English words-Geography and politics. In essence it implies the study of politics, history, social set ups and geography of a particular region, country and even at international levels. Therefore geopolitics is a close scrutiny of the importance of geography, politics and the geo-economics of a particular society. It can also be said to be closely related to political ideologies of nations, for example, the capitalist state of affairs in Kenya compared to the socio-capitalism of Uganda and socialism of Tanzania. Brennan. M. K (2005).

This last case is supported by the fact that in peaceful nations the effects of such ideologies does not prevail over economic activities such as trade, trade routes, transport and other cross border activities because nations are physically close to one anothers.The effects of geopolitics has however had its influence on political ideas and culture differences of nations involved. Literally, the simply implies the link between politics and the geography of the political arena. Granta Ball.T. (1993). So far we have not given a conclusive definition of geopolitics.

Oyvind Osterud (1988), in his book, the Uses and Abuses of Geopolitics he defined it conventionally as an underlying interconnection and cosmetic interlocks flanked by political and geographic space; by and large it is often viewed as an axiom of thought that takes a stab at unambiguous premeditated recommendations based on the comparative significance of territorial supremacy as well as maritime dominancy in the world history. The geopolitical convention had some concerns, as the geopolitical similarities of autonomy in world politics, the classification of transnational core regions, as well as the relationships between naval and terrestrial capabilities. Granta Ball.T. (1993).

Geopolitics can also be looked at as a branch of human geography dealing with study of the effect of spatial uneven results in political development and the way in which geography affects politics. In this case scholars of geopolitics will be dealing with political geography. Political geography for convenience is structured in three ways involving the study of one’s nation, locations and international relations {geopolitics}.In essence this sub division involves the relationship of the people their country within a certain territory. Armand C. G., J. (1973).

We now turn and focus on a brief history of geopolitics. During the days of ancient civilization nations were related to each other in terms of military superiority. The emperors and kings concentrated more on building military basis. Therefore the results of this military basis were meant to suppress nations, territories and kingdoms. This indicates that there was a closer relationship between nations, territories and states. Military activities helped kingdoms to expand into neighboring territories which were later legitimized, as was the case of the expansion of the German Third Reich in 1932. Geopolitics developed well during the advent of the Second World War and the cold war. During this period nations were preoccupied with who controlled a large territory.

This is exemplified the famous Heartland which was the land covering Eastern Europe and Western Russia and was claimed that whoever controlled the Heart land would control the whole world. The treaties such as the Treaty of Versailles between Germany and Russia were signed to prevent any of them from occupying the Heartland. Geopolitics in the Korean Peninsula. Armand C. G., J. (1973).

Korea is one country that has been greatly affected by geopolitics. The war on Iraq waged by United States and her allies destabilized the economy of the Korea. The instability in the Middle East between the Palestine and the Jewish state of Israel has created geopolitical risk in Korea as a result of the US foreign policies. The domestic political climate {risk} has increased due to these policies.

The geopolitical risk has negatively affected the private consumption in addition to hindering proper economic growth and therefore under these circumstances the currency has been greatly depreciated. The South Korean Won is a strong currency and its depreciation has also greatly affected the economy of her sister country, North Korea which is economically poor. Granta Ball.T. (1993) America and North Korea have for along time engaged in war of words over the later‘s alleged construction of a nuclear plant. This is due to Americas pursuant of a foreign policy called the unilateralism has shown the Bush administration as pursuing its own agenda. This has given Americans an upper hand in use of military advancement to suppress nations.

North Korea has since been warned to stop construction of the plant or face suppression by military action. Despite this it is felt that it has taken extremely long o reach a resolution and as time there are probabilities that North Korea will become stronger. Armand C. G., J. (1973). Even with that there has existed a strong enmity between the north and the south with the two sister states dividing. The therefore have had along period of independent development with the South developing more rapidly than the north. North is insisting that it will continue with the nuclear project as this will help her develop, thus this has created an even bigger rift between the two nations. Granta Ball.T. (1993).

Contrary to the above, the South has had a strong government for along time and she has been able to evade the ever present geopolitical surrounding which are unpredictable and so has been the political environment. The strong opposition has hampered any effort by the government of president Rho to form any meaningful reforms to curb insecurity and also combat social instability and also the geopolitical uncertainty. Armand C. G., J. (1973). In terms of economic development South Korea has been greatly influenced by the geopolitical, political and social instability. The instability which has a direct effect on the economic growth in that it works to weaken private consumption which in turn weakens private investment. Armand C. G., J. (1973).

The Korean peninsula also has the geopolitics of energy. This region has a lot of energy with Russia to the north east and containing about two thirds of the world’s natural gas reserves. Despite this Russia has been unable to supply this resource to the ever increasing oil demands on the peninsula by giving some to Korea and China. Russia insists that their must be a grid which will favor the distribution of the resource in the region. Glassman, J. (1999). The Korean peninsula has been shown as a region with remarkable interaction between the energy crisis and geopolitics. The region has an acute shortage of energy which does not match with the economic development in the region. North Korea has acute shortage of energy which it has been experiencing over the last.

This has come out strongly as the reason as to why she had to embark on the controversial nuclear energy plant. The energy shortages have greatly crippled the economy of North Korea. Glassman, J. (1999). The controversial nuclear plant made the Americans move in with speed only to ensure that it did not succeed and consequently the project has been weakened with time especially after the formation of the six committee. The importance of this committee is that it helped North Korea to establish a warm relationship with the external world. The major problem with the committee is that it has never been able to resolve the energy crisis still impoverishing the economy of North Korea.

However some agreements have been made and the North Korea grid will have to be connected to the rest of the grids in the region. Furthermore, the main nuclear will be substituted with one thousand megawatt plant proposed under the agreed framework. This part of the temporary measures meant to help North Korea overcome its energy shortages. Armand C. G., J. (1973). It can be confidently be said that the geopolitics in the far East is bound to continue with the increased level of economic development. Nations like China and Korea South are set to an increased level of economic development. Parker. G. (1998).

References

Agnew, J.A & Corbridge, S. (1995). Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory, and Inter-national Political Economy. London; Route ledge.

Granta Ball.T. (1993). Power. A companion to Political Philosophy. Oxford; Blackwell.

Glassman, J. (1999). State power beyond the territorial trap; The internationalization of the state Political Geography.

Armand C. G., J. (1973). The Imperatives of Territory. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.

Parker. G. (1998); Geopolitics; Past, Present and Future. Reader’s Digest and American Identity. University of Minnesota Press.

John Agnews (2003). Geopolitics: Revisioning World Politics, second edition; Routledge, London New York, pp 154-157

Holmes, et.al (2004); China, a Unified Korea, and Geopolitics; Paper presented in a symposium during a political and science association.

www.allacadic.com.

Brennan. M.K (2005). The United States and Africa: shifting Geopolitics in time of Terror. Modern Africa 53:1 Africa.

 

介绍

地缘政治是一个内涵来自结合英语单词地理和政治。从本质上来说,它意味着学习政治、历史、社会和地理的设局特定地区、国家,甚至在国际水平。因此地缘政治是一个严密审查的重要性的地理,政治和地缘经济学的一个特定的社会。它也可以被说成是政治意识形态密切相关的国家,例如,资本主义国家在肯尼亚的事务相比,资本主义社会的乌干达和坦桑尼亚的社会主义。布伦南。m·K(2005)。

最后一种情况是支持的事实,在和平的国家意识形态等的影响没有战胜经济活动,如贸易、贸易路线、运输和其它跨境活动,因为国家正在接近一个模样,身体地缘政治的影响,然而它的影响了政治思想和文化差异涉及的国家。的意思,只是意味着政治和地理联系的政治舞台。格兰球t。(1993)。到目前为止我们还没有给出一个结论性的地缘政治的定义。

Osterud Oyvind(1988),在他的书中,地缘政治的使用及滥用他定义它通常作为一个潜在的互连和化妆品连锁两侧是政治和地理空间;总的来说这通常被视为一个公理的思想,试图明确的有预谋的建议基于比较的意义以及海事领土霸权统治的世界历史。地缘政治公约有一些担忧,随着地缘政治的相似性在世界政治自治的分类,跨国核心区域,以及海军和地面功能之间的关系。格兰球t。(1993)。

地缘政治也可以被看作是一个分支的人文地理处理的研究结果的影响在政治发展空间不均匀以及地理影响政治。在这种情况下学者的地缘政治将处理政治地理。政治地理学为方便结构在三种方式的研究涉及国家、地区和国际关系{地缘政治}。本质上这子部门涉及到关系的人他们的国家在一个特定的领土。阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。

我们现在把和关注简史地缘政治。在天的古代文明国家相互有联系方面的军事优势。的皇帝和国王把更多注意力集中在构建军事基础。因此结果军事基础是为了抑制国家,领土和王国。这表明有密切关系的国家,地区和国家。军事活动帮助王国扩大到邻近的地区,后来被合法化,是此案的德国第三帝国的扩张在1932年。地缘政治发展的出现在第二次世界大战和冷战。在此期间国家专注于谁控制领地。

这就是著名的中心地带,是土地覆盖东欧和俄罗斯西部,声称谁控制了心脏的土地将会控制整个世界。这些条约如凡尔赛条约,德国和俄罗斯之间签署了阻止占领中心地带。在朝鲜半岛的地缘政治。阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。

韩国是一个国家,已经大大受到地缘政治。对伊拉克发动的战争由美国和其盟友朝鲜的经济不稳定。在中东的不稳定在巴勒斯坦和以色列这个犹太国家创造了地缘政治风险在韩国作为美国外交政策的结果。国内政治气候{风险}已有所增加。因为这些政策。

地缘政治风险的负面影响私人消费除了阻碍适当的经济增长,因此在这种情况下,货币已经大大贬值。韩元是坚挺的货币,其折旧也极大地影响了经济的她妹妹的国家,朝鲜这是经济贫困。格兰球t。(1993)美国和朝鲜有长久从事文字的战争在后来所谓的一个核电站的建设。这是由于美洲外交政策的依据称为单边主义表明布什政府为追求自己的议程。这给了美国人一个上风在使用军事压制国家进步。

朝鲜已经被警告停止施工的植物或面临军事行动压制。尽管这是觉得它已经非常长的o达成决议和随着时间的有可能性,朝鲜将变得更强大。阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。即使有,存在一个强烈敌意南北分裂的两个妹妹州。因此有时间一起的自主发展与韩国的发展要快于北方。朝鲜坚称,它将继续核项目,这将有助于她的发展,因此这已经创造了一个更大的两个国家之间的裂痕。格兰球t。(1993)。

与上面的,南方有一个强势政府长久,她已经能够逃避永远存在的地缘政治周围前者是不可预测的,所以一直是政治环境。强烈的反对已经阻碍了任何努力ρ总统的政府形成任何有意义的改革来遏制不安全感和社会不稳定,同时抗击的地缘政治不确定性。阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。在经济发展方面,韩国已经大大受到地缘政治,政治和社会动荡。不稳定,直接影响经济增长,因为它的作品来削弱私人消费反过来削弱了私人投资。阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。

朝鲜半岛也有地缘政治的能量。这个地区有大量的能量与俄罗斯北东和包含大约三分之二的世界天然气储量。尽管俄罗斯一直无法提供这个资源不断增加的石油需求在半岛给一些韩国和中国。俄罗斯坚持认为他们必须一个网格,将有利于资源的分布在该地区。格拉斯曼,j .(1999)。朝鲜半岛一直显示为一个地区的能源危机之间的交互和地缘政治。这个地区缺水严重不匹配的能源与经济发展的地区。朝鲜已经严重短缺的能源,它已经经历了过去。

这已经出来强烈的原因,至于为什么她已经踏上了备受争议的核能源工厂。能源短缺已经大大削弱了朝鲜的经济。格拉斯曼,j .(1999)。有争议的核工厂让美国人搬去和速度只有以确保它没有成功,因此项目已经削弱了与时间特别是形成后的六个委员会。这个委员会的重要性在于它帮助朝鲜建立一个温暖与外部世界的关系。主要的问题是,它从未委员会能够解决能源危机还使朝鲜的经济。

然而一些已达成了协议,朝鲜网格将不得不被连接到其他地区的电网。此外,主要的核将替换一千千瓦的发电厂了在框架协议。这部分的临时措施旨在帮助朝鲜克服能源短缺。阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。可以肯定地说,在远东地区的地缘政治必然会继续增加的经济发展水平。中国和韩国等国南将提高经济发展水平。帕克。g .(1998)。

引用

阿格纽,J。一个& Corbridge,美国(1995年)。掌握空间:霸权,领土,与国际性的政治经济。伦敦;路线窗台。

格兰球t。(1993)。功率。一个同伴政治哲学。牛津;布莱克威尔。

格拉斯曼,j .(1999)。国家权力以外的领土陷阱;国际化的国家政治地理。

阿尔芒·c·G。,美国(1973年)。必要的领土。(夏洛特斯维尔,弗吉尼亚州弗吉尼亚大学出版社。

帕克。g .(1998)、地缘政治;过去、现在和未来。读者文摘,美国身份。明尼苏达大学出版社。

约翰Agnews(2003)。地缘政治:世界政治,第二版修订;劳特利奇,伦敦纽约,154 - 157页

福尔摩斯,研究(2004),中国,一个统一的韩国,地缘政治;提出了在一个研讨会在政治和科学协会。

www.allacadic.com。

布伦南。M。K(2005)。美国和非洲:改变地缘政治的恐怖。现代非洲53:1非洲。