Department pointed out that the new generation of migrant workers born in the 20th century, 80 years after the age of 16 years, in different places in order to off-farm employment based agricultural household population. In 2009, the new generation of migrant workers a total of approximately one hundred million people, China's economic and social development play an increasingly dominant role.
A new generation of migrant workers Education and Modern Distance Education of
(A) education of the new generation of migrant workers
New generation of migrant workers have become the main force of migrant workers, a huge number, qualifications and vocational training situation has greatly improved, but economic development and urban labor market demand is still incompatible. Therefore, we must carry them as soon as possible in order to improve the overall quality, training employment and entrepreneurship for the content of vocational education and training. They are eager to get an education, but the potential to be converted into explicit educational needs of the educational needs, but also for existing adult vocational education reform.
Education and training of existing patterns of migrant workers are mainly "Fuping School" model, educational model of migrant workers training vouchers, remote migrant workers employment and entrepreneurship training model, long-term adult education mode. Fuping mode which is by far the most successful training model of migrant workers, the main reason for the success is that it is a "public office to help" training an employment an interest in protecting the integration of new model training and employment of migrant workers, school orientation, educational content, operational scientific and effective way, but there is difficult to expand the education scale problems. Analysis of existing models, migrant workers can receive education and training main factors: first, the educational nature must be vocational education; Second, the content and practical, combining learning and employment; Third, low tuition; fourth, forms of learning flexible. Modern Distance Education of migrant workers meet the requirements for the form of education.
(Two) Modern Distance Education of
Currently, the national recognition of qualifications of 68 networking academies, modern distance education to expand the scope of education can quickly make high-quality educational resources to the maximum extent of sharing; flexible educational, non-real-time interactive teaching and multimedia teaching resources, so that students can not time, place and form of restriction, for more fully autonomous learning, it is becoming the main form of adult education, the new generation of migrant workers become the main form of education. However, online education and educational needs of the new generation of migrant workers there is a gap between, mainly in vocational education characteristic lack of education costs are too high, rigid management model, a single approach to learning, teachers lack of respect. To meet the educational needs of the new generation of migrant workers, it is necessary to the existing network education and adult education and training of migrant workers to conduct in-depth reform, building a new type of modern distance vocational education mode.
Second, the new generation of migrant workers in the construction of modern distance education mode
The new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education mode is for the new generation of migrant workers, professional, modern distance education achieved through an educational model. Model builds on the existing online education management system reform is a prerequisite, the concept of education and vocational education reform is the basis for determining the nature of the profession and teaching content is the core, the other aspects of the reform is to protect.
(A) definition of the concept
The meaning of educational model. "Education Dictionary" education model will be interpreted as "some kind of education and teaching process is organized, reflecting the active process procedures and methods." Yang soil that educational model is to achieve a certain degree of training objectives implemented organizational principles and forms of education, which includes teaching and curriculum models, and also includes the responsibility of the school setting and related units, the division of tasks and time allocation. In this paper, the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education model is based on modern information and educational technology for the realization of certain training objectives of the education and teaching activities of the organization process, reflecting the active process procedures and methods, including the management system, Teaching and education evaluation.
(Two) the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education model that contains the contents of the
1 Linear education management system. We must first clear the government, businesses, schools, students are education and management of multiple subjects, should have the right to participate in the management of discourse, should constitute the primary responsibility of school, government guidance, the Quartet to participate in the management of the main mode. Education is a new generation of migrant workers nationwide education program, covering a wide range of management mechanism is obviously more mature TV system is undertaking this program of choice. But it should be relying on the TV system, an independent management, the external structure of the national education authorities a management committee - management center a linear learning center management system. Determine whether a state department of education administration for this exercise of governmental authority, macro-management education and supervision; composed of community representatives to participate in the management committee is the highest authority, the main exercise "government + corporate + School + Student" integrated authority responsible for deciding important matters of education; relying on Central TV, the establishment of the new generation of migrant workers in Modern Distance Education Management Center (hereinafter referred to as Management Center), the management center is responsible for all educational work; management center set up under System Based TV Learning Center, responsible for the implementation of the work item. Linear management system combines the scientific nature of the modern university system and the development of modern distance education in our country's reality, could become the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education management system.
2 stepped teaching. The new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education needs to include secondary, tertiary, undergraduate and above levels of education at all levels for different content, to take a different form of teaching, forming stepped teaching. The process of teaching students from admission to graduation, including all the activities:
First, the level and schooling. In 2009, at the age of 30 of the new generation of migrant workers who have received high school and higher education has increased above 26%, or nearly 74 million new generation of migrant workers who had only received secondary education and below. They want to get better career development, we need to accept compensation for secondary and higher education levels. This requires us to increase secondary levels of education, according to secondary school, college and university to implement different levels of different maturities flexible educational system.
Second, the nature of education and training goals. Explicit generation of migrant workers modern distance education is vocational education, rather than ordinary academic education. This requires education administration and school leaders, teachers, education aimed at changing the current network to enhance ideological education, foster employment, entrepreneurship and career development as the goal of the modern distance vocational education concepts. Generation of migrant workers education training objectives that companies should develop different types of labor personnel to the principle of education at different levels with different design goals. Moderate levels of education of the new generation of migrant workers, the main goal is for the purpose of employment, vocational training and technical education well junior technical personnel, skilled workers and well trained professional urban and rural workers. College or higher education level generation of migrant workers, employment and entrepreneurship goal is for the purpose of training with the professional basic theory and skills, the senior technical personnel, management personnel, with entrepreneurial abilities and qualities of entrepreneurs
Third, professional and teaching content. To the "People's Republic of occupation ceremony" Occupational categories for the basic principles of professional settings, from secondary school to undergraduate categories by occupation divided by the professional, progressively refined to docking with the division of professional positions. For employment in all stages of education, the college stage added entrepreneurship education content. Employment education, with "technology + culture" principles for the selection of teaching content, "occupation specific skills + Industry + generic skills + core skills of professional ethics" for the content, different levels and with different content and professional level of knowledge of the mix from Low to High progressively tend to specialize. This requires the existing network of professional education and teaching content more systematic reforms. Among them, the occupation specific skills can be understood as the range of National Occupational Classification ceremony into the scope of our country is divided into 1838 occupation; industry generic skills can be understood as a set of features and attributes in the same or similar occupational groups reflected the common skills and knowledge requirements can be determined at the national vocational education and training courses within a range of about three hundred kinds; core skills is narrowest, most versatile skills, is that people in his career and even necessary in everyday life, and to reflect In the specific professional activities of basic skills. Secondary levels of education should focus on improving students' core competencies, teaching content to the "core skills + professional ethics" as the basic structure, and develop their ability to adapt to the wider employment. College-level education should focus on improving students' generic skills in the industry, teaching content to the "core skills + skill + common industry professional ethics" as the basic structure of a particular industry practitioners to develop their skills. Undergraduate level education should focus on improving students' occupation specific skills, teaching content to the "common core skills + Industry + skill + occupation specific skills of professional ethics" as the basic structure, improve the overall quality and ability, based on their particular culture Post practitioners capabilities. So that from secondary school to undergraduate professional and educational content, the formation of a receipt from the professional category of professional positions for docking stepped educational structure that allows students adaptable general practitioners, and gradually grow into a profession and career specific skills expertise. In entrepreneurship education, college and university education in the creation of entrepreneurship education courses in order to approach the relevant entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial arts, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial qualities and entrepreneurs how to obtain these methods, art, ability and quality knowledge to those who are ready entrepreneurship people, so that they learn how to start.
Fourth, practice teaching. Case of a conditional endeavor to carry out field practice teaching, guiding students to consciously work practices at work. Teaching practice software development, construction, online virtual practice environment, the use of computer technology and simulation technology for virtual experiment teaching. Students through a computer network or group independent experiments done in collaboration to improve the practical ability.
Fifth, teachers. Further improve the professional level of teachers, increase teachers' education and assessment efforts to improve distance education "double" teacher ratio. To absorb certain aspects of social and business experts into the ranks of teachers, improve teachers' professional level, is the modern distance vocational education Teachers inevitable trend.
Sixth, the teaching form. Now online education, students are almost entirely self-state. Practice tells us that in this type of self-study distance learning, the learner is difficult from the boring learning materials to identify problems and lead to interest in learning, experiential learning activities can not be the social construction process, but can not discuss with teachers in a timely manner and communicate and get feedback, because students tend to learn blindness and give up. So, just to provide the learning environment is not enough, also need to focus on learning activities are designed to provide the learning process requires counseling and support. Therefore, the education process should strengthen management and guidance, to increase interaction between teachers and students.
In the new generation of migrant workers modern distance education should be student-centered, teacher-led "Body + led" based teaching as the basic form. Teaching, curriculum responsibility should appoint teachers, tutors and online courses Regional Learning Center course tutors. In Central Administration, select subjects, experts and scholars as a responsibility of the course teachers, responsible for course delivery, resource development, examination of the question, teacher training, receiving feedback improve teaching, to create a democratic and harmonious atmosphere of teaching and so on. Divided according to geographical area and the number of students, the appointment of regional online course tutor, responsible for the integration of resources, track student learning and personalized learning support services, is responsible for the management and student work within the region of marked exam papers, summarize the teaching problems, and The feedback to the curriculum responsibilities teachers. Learning Center tutors are responsible for face to face counseling, and can not participate in a variety of ways to personalize the students face to face counseling and follow-up management. Teaching, and the body at different stages occupy different dominant position in the ladder structure formed form of teaching. In the secondary stage, teaching mainly dependent learning center tutors, teachers pay attention to emphasize the leading role of independent learning courses lower proportion. Tertiary level, students increase the proportion of self-study courses, but the self-learning curriculum should focus primarily on the basis of little more difficult courses and hands-on requirements, but the reality conditions are not met, the better practice software construction professional courses. Undergraduate student self-learning-based, learning center main duty is to manage, and now almost entirely one-way data access-based self-study is different, each course should be equipped with regional online tutors, full guide supervise student learning activities. As this education system launched Based TV, Radio and TV has a sizable team of teachers to meet the various stages of education and management requirements, so this step-like form of teaching can be achieved.
Seventh, the learning effect evaluation. Focus on skills-based assessment, both at different stages and gradually increase the proportion of cultural theory examination and difficulty. This requires examination of the existing level of form and content for deeper reforms.
3 one-stop support service model. Broadly speaking, there is a one-stop service is when the customer needs to enter a site within a given area will be able to get all of the services that may be required. Generation of migrant workers in modern distance education support services should include a one-stop-stop service at two levels, one with information service platform for one-stop service for the site, or by learning one-stop service center for the site .
Information service platform for the site with one-stop services from government, business, teaching and student information form, the Government's policy and enterprise development and employment information respectively, by the government, enterprises passed to the management center, teaching and student information center set up by the Management , bringing together all the information transmitted by the management center into a unified platform for governments, businesses, students can obtain all the information needed platform. Platform's role is to: first, government, business, management, contact center and student Quartet platform for mutual support, supervision and evaluation of services; second is to provide graduate students and businesses all basic information and credit information platform for businesses and students choose to provide two-way services; Third, is to bring together all the teaching of teaching information platform for students to provide full teaching service; fourth, is a national educational management platform, reflect students' personal situation, school management do to a land registration, National Accessibility to participate in the study, assessment.
To learn the one-stop service center for the site, by teachers, administrators and information service platform together constitute. Teachers and administrators were integrated information service platform related information, and enter the appropriate information to complete their tasks, students, government, business center to obtain the necessary information from the learning, the learning center as a subject, and through learning centers for education overall monitoring and evaluation. Learning Centre's role is to: first, to provide student support services face; secondly, to provide business support services face; Third, commitment by the government and society in monitoring and evaluation of the quality of education in the subject.
4. Third-party evaluation system. By the government, society, business, students participate in the development and implementation supervision and evaluation criteria, educational evaluation agency commissioned to complete the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance evaluation of the quality of vocational education, the formation of a third party education evaluation system. Meanwhile management center and learning center for government, businesses, students and intermediaries make evaluations. The evaluation results of the two sides on a regular basis to the public through the mass media, to form a complete mutual monitoring and evaluation mechanisms
In short, the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance vocational education model, through the realization of modern distance education, including linear management system, ladder-like teaching mode, one-stop support service model, third-party evaluation system, including the popular content vocational education mode. Explore and practice of this model will likely greatly promote the development of adult vocational education, to achieve overall quality of workers and improve their skills, thus promoting China's fast economic development.
新一代的农民工的教育和现代远程教育
（A）的新一代的农民工的教育
新一代的农民工已经成为主力的农民工，一个庞大的数字，资历和职业培训情况已大大改善，但经济发展和城市劳动力市场的需求仍然是不相容的。因此，我们必须履行他们尽快，以提高整体素质，培训就业和创业的职业教育和培训的内容。他们渴望得到教育，但可能被转换成明确的教育需求的教育需求，同时也为现有的成人职业教育的改革。
教育和培训的农民工现有的模式主要是“富平学校”的模式，教育模式的农民工培训券，偏远的农民工就业和创业培训模式，长期的成人教育模式。阜平的成功模式，这是迄今为止最成功的农民工培训模式，主要的原因是，它是一个“民办公助”培训就业一体化的新模式培训和就业的农民工在保护权益，办学定位，教学内容，科学有效的运作方式，但也有难以扩大教育规模的问题。现有的模型分析，农民工可以接受教育和培训的主要因素：第一，教育的性质，必须是职业教育;其次，的内容和实际相结合的学习和就业;第三，低廉的学费;第四，灵活的学习形式。现代远程教育的农民工教育的形式符合要求。
（二）现代远程教育
目前，国家承认学历的68个网络学院，现代远程教育，扩大教育范围也迅速做出高品质的教育资源，以最大程度的灵活的教育，非实时互动式教学和多媒体教学资源的共享; ，使学生不能，更充分的自主学习时间，地点和形式的限制，它已成为主要形式的成人教育，新一代的农民工成为教育的主要形式。然而，在线教育和教育的新一代的农民工的需求有一定的差距，主要表现在职业教育的特点缺乏教育成本过高，管理模式僵化，单一的学习方式，教师缺乏尊重。为了满足新一代农民工的教育需求，有必要对现有网络教育和成人教育和培训的农民工进行深入的改革，建立一种新型的现代远程职业教育模式。
其次，新一代农民工在建设现代远程教育模式
新一代的农民工在现代远程教育模式是为新一代的农民工，专业，现代远程教育，实现教育模式。模型建立在现有的在线教育管理体制的改革是一个先决条件，这一概念的专业和教学内容的核心是确定的性质的基础教育和职业教育的改革，其他方面的改革是为了保护。
（一）概念的界定
教育模式的意义。 “教育大辞典”的教育模式，将被解释为“某种教育教学过程组织，反映活动过程的程序和方法。”杨土教育模式实施的组织原则和形式的教育，包括教学和课程模式，培养目标要达到一定的程度，还包括学校的设置和相关单位，任务分工和时间分配的责任。在本文中，新生代农民工现代远程教育模式是基于现代信息和教育技术的教育和教学活动的组织过程中，为实现一定的培养目标，反映活动过程的程序和方法，包括各项管理制度，教学和教育评价。
（二）新一代农民工在现代远程教育模型，其中包含的内容
1线性教育管理系统。首先，我们必须明确政府，企业，学校，学生多学科的教育和管理，应有权参与管理的话语，应构成学校的首要责任，政府引导，四方参与管理的主模式。教育是新一代的全国农民工教育计划，覆盖范围广的管理机制，显然是更成熟的电视系统承担此项目的首选。但它应该依靠的电视系统，独立的管理，国家教育主管部门的管理委员会 - 管理中心的线性学习中心管理系统的外部结构。判断一个国家是否为这项工作的政府机关，宏观管理的教育和监督;教育行政部门组成的社区代表参加的管理委员会的最高权力机构，主要行使“政府+企业+学校+学生”综合机关负责决定教育的重要事项，在中央电视台为依托，建立了现代远程教育管理中心（以下简称管理中心），新一代的农民工，管理中心负责所有的教育工作;管理中心下设系统为基础的的电视学习中心，负责实施的工作项目。线性管理系统结合了现代大学制度的科学性和现代远程教育的发展，在我们国家的现实，有可能成为新一代的农民工在现代远程教育管理系统。
2踩到教学。新一代的农民工在现代远程教育中需要包括中专，大专，本科及以上学历层次的教育，在各级不同的内容，采取不同的教学形式，形成阶梯式的教学。教学的过程中，学生从入学到毕业，其中包括所有的活动：
首先，水平和教育。 2009年，30岁的新生代农民工接受过高中教育和高等教育增加了26％以上，或只接受过中等教育和以下的外来务工人员近74万个新的一代。他们想获得更好的职业发展，我们需要接受中等和高等教育水平的补偿。这就要求我们提高中等教育水平，根据中学，学院和大学，以实现不同级别，不同到期期限的灵活的教育体系。
其次，教育和培训目标的性质。明确一代的农民工现代远程教育是职业教育，而不是普通的学历教育。这就要求教育部门和学校领导，教师，旨在改变目前的网络教育，加强思想教育，促进就业，创业和职业发展为目标的现代远程职业教育理念。一代的农民工教育培训的目标，公司应制定不同类型的劳动人事，教育的原则，在不同层次与不同的设计目标。中等水平的新一代的农民工的教育，主要目标是为就业，职业培训和技术教育，初级技术人员，技术工人和训练有素的专业城乡劳动者的目的。大学专科以上文化程度代农民工就业和创业目标为目的的培训与专业的基本理论和技能，高级技术人员，管理人员，企业家的创业能力和素质
三，专业和教学内容。逐步完善“中华人民共和国职业大典”的职业类别，专业设置的基本原则，从中专到本科按职业类别划分的专业，职业岗位对接与分工。对于就业教育的各个阶段，大学阶段加入创业教育内容。就业教育，“科技+文化”的原则，教学内容的选择，“职业特定技能+行业+通用技能+职业道德的核心技能”为内容，不同层次和不同的内容和专业知识的水平混合从低到高逐渐趋于专业化。这就需要对现有网络的专业教育和教学内容更系统的改革。其中，职业特定技能可以理解为我国国家职业分类仪式的范围的范围分为1838职业，行业通用技能，可以理解为一组的功能和属性，在相同或相似的职业群体反映共同的技能和知识要求，可以决定在国家的职业教育和培训课程的范围内约三百余种;核心技能是最窄，最多才多艺的技能，是人们在他的职业生涯，并在日常生活中甚至是必要的，反映在具体的专业活动的基本技能。中等教育水平的重点放在提高学生的核心竞争力的“核心技能+职业道德”的基本结构，教学内容，并发展自己的能力，以适应更广泛的就业。学院级教育应着眼于提高学生的共通能力在同行业中，教学内容的“核心技能+技能+普通行业的职业道德”作为一个特定的行业从业者的基本结构，发展他们的技能。本科层次教育应着眼于提高学生的职业技能，教学内容的“共同核心技能+产业+技能+职业特定技能，职业道德”的基本结构，提高整体素质和能力，根据其特定的文化发表从业能力。所以，从中专到本科专业和教育内容，形成专业类职业岗位对接的收据加强教育结构，使学生适应能力强的全科医生，逐步成长为一个专业和职业特定技能专长。在创业教育，大学和大学教育中开设创业教育课程，以向有关创业精神，创业的艺术，创业精神，创业素质和创业者如何获得这些方法，艺术，能力和素质的知识，那些准备创业的人人，让他们了解如何开始。
四，实践教学。有条件的努力的情况下进行野外实践教学，引导学生自觉地在工作实践。实践教学软件的开发，建设，网上虚拟实践环境，利用计算机技术和模拟技术，虚拟实验教学。学生通过计算机网络或组独立的实验协作完成，以提高实际操作能力。
第五，教师。进一步提高教师的专业水平，提高教师的教育和考核力度，提高远程教育“双师型”教师比例。要吸收某些方面的社会和业务专家进入教师队伍，提高教师的专业水平，是现代远程职业教育教师的必然趋势。
六，教学形式。现在网上教育，学生几乎完全自我状态。实践告诉我们，在这种类型的自学远程学习中，学习者很难从枯燥的学习材料，找出问题，导致学习兴趣，体验学习活动不能成为社会建设的过程中，但不能与教师讨论及时沟通和反馈，因为学生往往学习的盲目性和放弃。所以，只要提供的学习环境是不够的，还需要专注于学习活动的目的是提供学习的过程中，需要辅导和支持。因此，在教育过程中应加强管理和指导，提高教师和学生之间的互动。
在新一代的农民工现代远程教育应以学生为本，以教师为主导“身体+ LED”为主的教学为基本形式。教学，课程责任委派教师，导师和在线课程区域学习中心课程导师。在管理中心，选择科目，作为一种责任，负责授课，资源开发，考试的问题，教师培训课程的教师，专家和学者，接受反馈，提高教学，营造一个民主，和谐的教学氛围等上。按地域面积和学生人数，委任的区域在线课程导师，负责整合资源，跟踪学生的学习和个性化学习支持服务，负责管理和学生工作区域内的显着考试试卷，总结教学的问题，课程责任教师和反馈。学习中心的导师负责面对面咨询，并不能参加多种方式，以个性化的学生进行面对面的辅导和后续管理。教学，以及在不同阶段的身体占据主导地位不同的教学形式，形成梯形结构。在中学阶段，主要依赖学习中心导师教学，教师注重强调自主学习的课程比例较低的主导作用。大专水平，提高学生的自学课程的比例，但自学的课程应主要集中有点难度的课程和动手的要求的基础上，但现实条件不具备，更好的做法，软件工程专业课程。本科学生自主学习为主，学习中心的主要职责是管理，现在几乎完全是单向的数据基于访问的自学是不同的，每门课程应配备区域在线导师，全程导游，监督学生的学习活动。这一教育体系的推出了基于电视，广播和电视有一个庞大的教师队伍，以满足各阶段的教育和管理要求，因此可以实现这一步的教学形式。
第七，学习效果评价。专注于以技能为基础的评估，无论是在不同的阶段和文化理论考试和困难的比重逐步提高。这需要检查的现有水平，更深层次的改革的形式和内容。
3一站式支持服务模式。从广义上讲，是一个一站式的服务是在客户需要时进入某个区域内的站点，将能够获得可能需要的所有服务。新一代的农民工在现代远程教育支持服务应该包括两个层次，一个一站式服务的网站，或通过学习一站式服务中心网站的信息服务平台一个一站式一条龙服务。
信息服务平台网站一站式服务，从政府，企业，教学和学生信息的形式，政府的政策和企业的发展和就业信息分别由政府，企业通过管理中心，教学和学生信息中心集通过管理，将所有信息汇集在一起由管理中心传送到一个统一的平台，为政府，企业，学生可以取得一切所需的信息平台。平台的作用是：第一，政府，商业，管理，联系中心和学生四方平台，相互支持，监督和评价服务;第二是所有的基本信息和信用信息平台，为企业提供研究生的学生和企业和学生选择提供双向服务;第三，就是把所有的教学的教学信息平台，为学生提供全面的教学服务;第四，是一个国家的教育管理平台，反映学生的个人情况，学校管理土地登记，全国无障碍参加学习，考核。
要学习的一站式服务中心的网站，教师，管理者和信息服务平台共同构成。教师和管理人员的综合信息服务平台的相关信息，并输入相应的信息来完成他们的任务，学生，政府，商业中心，以获得必要的信息，从学习，作为一门学科的学习中心，通过学习中心整体教育监测和评价。学习中心的作用是：第一，提供学生支持服务面;第二，提供业务支持服务面;三，承诺由政府和社会在主题教育质量监测和评价。
4。第三方评价体系。由政府，社会，企业，学生参与制定和实施监督和评估标准，教育评价机构委托完成的新生代农民工在现代远程职业教育的质量评估，形成第三方教育评价体系。同时，管理中心和学习中心，为政府，企业，学生和中介机构进行评估。双方通过大众传播媒介，向公众定期评价结果，形成一个完整的相互监督和评估机制
总之，新一代的农民工现代远程职业教育模式，通过现代远程教育实现，包括线性管理系统，阶梯状的教学模式，一站式的支持服务模式，第三方评价体系，包括流行内容的职业教育模式。这种模式的探索和实践，可能会极大地促进成人职业教育的发展，实现劳动者整体素质，提高他们的技能，从而推动中国经济的快速发展
